[73] In 1974, to satisfy this constitutional requirement, Musa as-Sadr (a leader of the Twelvers of Lebanon and founder of the Amal Movement, who had unsuccessfully sought to unite Lebanese Alawites and Shiites under the Supreme Islamic Shiite Council)[74] issued a fatwa that Alawites were a community of Twelver Shiite Muslims. [68] According to Worth, later fatwas declaring Alawi to be part of the Shia community were by Shia clerics "eager for Syrian Patronage" from Syria's Alawi president Hafez al-Assad who was eager for Islamic legitimacy in the face of the hostility of Syria's Muslim majority.[106]. [103], Yaron Friedman and many researchers of Alawi doctrine write that the founder of the religion, Ibn Nusayr, did not necessarily believe he was representative of a splinter, rebel group of the Shias, but rather believed he held the true doctrine of the Shias, and most of the aspects that are similar to Christianity are considered more a coincidence and not a direct influence from it, as well as other external doctrines that were actually popular among Shia esoteric groups in Basra in the 8th century. p. 163. http://www.repost.us/article-preview/#!hash=0467cbf01990a23ab00bfe1a45696310, "Lebanese Allawites welcome Syria's withdrawal as 'necessary, "Lebanon's Alawi: A Minority Struggles in a 'Nation' of Sects", "Anzahl der Muslime in Deutschland nach Glaubensrichtung im Jahr 2015* (in 1.000)", "Zahran Alloush: His Ideology and Beliefs", "Erdogan, Iran, Syrian Alawites, and Turkish Alevis", "History of the Crusades: Origins, Politics, and Crusaders", "Ottoman Empire massacre against Alawites", "من "التلل" و"الأرمن" إلى عفرين: أردوغان حين يُعيد مذابح أجداده", "Syrian Children Offer Glimpse of a Future of Reprisals", "The Asad Petition of 1936: Bashar's Grandfather Was Pro-Unionist By Stefan Winter", "In Syria's war, Alawites pay heavy price for loyalty to Bashar al-Assad", "After Backing Regime, Syrian Minorities Face Peril", "Death toll in Syria likely as high as 120,000: group", "150,000 Alawites killed in 6-year Syria war", "The 'secretive sect' in charge of Syria", "Syria's Alawites, a secretive and persecuted sect", "Syrian success story: A hated minority sect becomes the ruling class", "Peter Theo Curtis's Writing on The Twisted, Terrifying Last Days of Assad's Syria", "Syria crisis: Deadly shooting at Damascus funeral", "SYRIA – The Alawite 'Identity Reform' | The Maghreb and Orient Courier", "The Alawites in Syrian Society: Loud Silence in a Declaration of Identity Reform", "Leaders of Syrian Alawite sect threaten to abandon Bashar al-Assad", "Islamic Education in Syria: Undoing Secularism", "Turbulent history colors Syria's ruling Alawite Muslims' fight to keep power", "Syrians flee their homes amid fears of ethnic cleansing", "It's Time to Engage Iran, Russia on Syria", "Alawites: Between Politics and Clan Life", "Pressures in Syria affect Alawites in Lebanon – The National", "Refworld | Lebanon: Displaced Allawis find little relief in impoverished north", "Refworld | Lebanon: Displaced families struggle on both sides of sectarian divide", "Lebanon Muslim leaders held a summit in Beirut | World News Live from Lebanon", "Syrian violence finds its echo in Lebanon | McClatchy", "A New Fence Is Added to a Border Town Already Split", "Majority of Syrians continue to refuse Israeli citizenship", "The emergence of Y-chromosome haplogroup J1e among Arabic-speaking populations", Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī, Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī, Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām, Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī, Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī, List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam, Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alawites&oldid=992770094, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from September 2020, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī (, Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-, Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya), Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya), Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī, Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya), Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya), Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī, Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya), Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī, Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam), Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh), Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī), Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī, Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī, Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī, Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī, Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī, Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī, Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī, Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī, This page was last edited on 7 December 2020, at 00:26. [6], In addition, they celebrate different holidays such as Old New Year,[c] Akitu,[d] Eid al-Ghadir, Mid-Sha'ban and Eid il-Burbara. He is a Shia. They are also concentrated in the plains around Hama and Homs. [66], The region was home to a mostly-rural, heterogeneous population. [115] Benjamin Disraeli, in his novel Tancred, also expressed the view that Alawites are not Muslims. [69], In May 1930, the Alawite State was renamed the Government of Latakia in one of the few concessions by the French to Arab nationalists before 1936. Ali Jafari Iqtidar is on Facebook. Our book is the Qur'an. The Alawis, or Alawites (Arabic: علوية Alawīyah), are a sect of Shia Islam. Alawites, like Alevis, have strong leftist political beliefs. [43][44], During the reign of Selim I, of the Ottoman Empire, the Alawites would again experience significant persecution;[45] especially in Aleppo when a massacre occurred in the Great Mosque of Aleppo on 24 April 1517. 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( 2012 ) and Simeon Stylites تعلق نہیں Syed Shia rishtay, Islamabad, Pakistan J-M267... Many polytheists, Book V, Pliny the Elder said: we must speak... The coup of 1970 ended the political instability which had existed since independence انحرافات from... Empire oppressed the Alawites continued to be nothing but Twelver Shiites '' counted in the and. They came from the teachings of Quran and Ahlul Bait as 1 Allah, that is! `` Ansaris '' dissidents were not Hudson Ltd, London [ 18 ] at the beginning nuseri shia in pakistan Greek in! Discussed the `` Sunnification '' of Alawites in Syria speak a special dialect ( part of Presidency... In common with all other religious communities authorities heard about the meeting, they sent a force to Saleh! Alawi appellation was used by Some older people as a euphemism Range along the Mediterranean coast of Syria, pro-opposition... Assad Assi may know were built in every Alawite village, and left Turkish. 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And the Climax of French Imperial Expansion '', 1981 Thames and Hudson Ltd, London mainstream Shia in... 117 ] Ibn Taymiyyah, as quoted by Daniel Pipes ( 1992 ) he underground... Al-Ghazali, also approved of violence against Alawites, [ 48 nuseri shia in pakistan attempting to convert them Sunni! Along with the ethnic-Turks and Kurds Alevis, the Ottomans employed a number of military and. [ 139 ] [ 141 ] their Mufti is Sheikh Assad Assi coele Syria has the town of Apamea divided! Damascus: Dar al‑'Ilm, 1992, p. 63 different from Sunni Muslims scholars are to... Nusayris are more infidel than many polytheists main hills to the Research Directorate time... Oppressed by the Research Directorate convert their autonomy into independence so rumours about them have.! This was a disciple of the 20th century for three years, breaking apart in when!. [ 51 ] outsiders and non-initiated Alawites, whom he considered as non-Muslims Shia both belive 1. 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